Why is it important to monitor nutrient levels in surface waters?

Monitoring nutrient levels in surface waters is essential, primarily because excess nutrients, particularly nitrogen and phosphorus, can lead to harmful algal blooms. These blooms can deplete oxygen in the water as they die and decompose, creating dead zones where aquatic life cannot survive. Additionally, some algal blooms can produce toxins that are harmful to both aquatic organisms and humans, posing health risks for recreational users and affecting drinking water sources.

By routinely checking nutrient levels, we can identify and mitigate potential pollution sources, manage water quality, and protect aquatic ecosystems. This monitoring is a proactive approach to prevent detrimental ecological shifts and maintain the health of surface water bodies. The other options do not recognize the significant impact that nutrient levels have on aquatic environments and the overarching need for monitoring to ensure the sustainability of these ecosystems.