What role do wetlands play in surface water quality?

Wetlands play a crucial role in enhancing surface water quality through their unique ecological functions. They act as natural filters by trapping sediments, nutrients, and pollutants that may otherwise flow into larger water bodies. This filtering process helps to reduce levels of harmful substances, such as nitrogen and phosphorus, that can lead to problems like algal blooms and eutrophication in lakes and rivers.

Additionally, wetlands provide important habitats for a variety of wildlife, fostering biodiversity. The vegetation found in wetlands also aids in stabilizing shorelines and regulating water flow, which can further contribute to improved water quality. The ability of wetlands to absorb excess water during heavy rainfall events helps mitigate flooding and manage stormwater runoff, further protecting surface water quality downstream.